Perhaps Icarus is not sorry - cannot be sorry - because he is dead. " We do not find him doing penance, writing out the golden mean for all eternity, or touring its high schools to tell student bodies not to do what he has done." (lines 1-4). These are gratitutes extended to those lucky enough to survive an unfortunate or fool hardy event. Icarus cannot be sorry. He isn´t fortunate enough to be a survivor and therefore not fortunate enough to have regrets.
Part 2
According to Wikipedia, a dystopia "is the idea of a society in a repressive and controlled state, often under the guise of being utopian." Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four are given as examples (both of which I have seen).

More recent examples would be V for Vendetta, a movie which highlights an ultra-controlling government and a ban on many historical items that might successfully prove that the government is lying, and Equilibrium, a movie about governmental control of emotions (through pharaceuticals) and a ban on all possessions that may invoke an emotional reaction. Both of these movies are Orwell-esque (and very reminiscent of Nineteen Eighty-Four) in their illustration of government control and banning connections to the truth. I would highly recommend both of these movies.

Another dystopian movie (and book) is Fight Club - one of my favourite movies of all time. It is different from the others in that it focuses not on governmental control but corporate control through credit card companies and advertising. It shows people as materialistic sheep, blindly following the advertising shepherd, resulting in more and more consumer debt before a group of people get together to radically change the future. For those of you that like movies with many levels of complexity, you are probably already a fan of this movie. It's quite brilliant and really well acted.

I tend to be a fan of these movies (or books) because they are usually well thought out and well written. They examine what it is to be human and the consequences of taking that away even if it is deemed to be the best thing for society. Humans are emotional beings, for instance, even if that emotion is sometimes negative.

These movies or books also take a close look at the idea of governmental control and what is means. The politicians often use rhetoric designed to convince the people that they must go along with a certain idea in order to be a valuable and productive member of society. Those that oppose the status quo are seen as criminals.

So what can this teach us? To look at our governments and corporations with a more diserning eye - to think about what we are being told and why we are being told that. Do our leaders have our best interest in mind - the best interests of those they are elected to govern - or do they have their own agendas. Do large corporations care whether increasing consumer debt is destroying families? It is our responsibility to possess a vast amount of knowledge so we can successfully navigate our way through constant and intentional deception. The really scary thing is that with each generation the knowledge required increases but the analysys of situations seems to happen less and less, which gives more and more control over to corporations and governments to interfere in our lives to the detriment of all.

I don't know where that all came from, but there you go!
Part 1

Dove and Boland have presented the myth of Persephone as parental advice. Dove uses the myth as a form of parental warning and the consequences of not listening. "It is finished. No one heard her. / No one! She had strayed from the herd." This implies the need for parental control and protection from all the evil in the world.
Boland uses the myth as a lesson in having to let go of your child eventually so that she can lead her own life. "The legend will be hers as well as mine." In this case winter is not a particular season but a stage of life, one that symbolizes a lesser need for maternal protection and the pain and excitement of letting her child roam free in the world.

Part 2
I think the reference to Icarus in Musee des Beax Arts is the symbolic reference that even great mistakes by people are absorbed into the world. These mistakes have little consequence to the world at large. When describing the witness to Icarus' foolhardly act who was in a boat not far from where Icarus drowned, Auden explains " But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shone / As it had to on the white legs disappearing into the green / Water;" (lines 17-19). Despite the disasteroud effect that the act had on Icarus and his famiy; the world still went on.
The myth speaks to a very adventurous male experience. Many young men do not believe they are mortal and participate in very dangerous activities because of this. They do not heed warnings because of excessive pride.
Part 1
I think "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is so titled because it represents Prufrock's life and dreams. It may be used ironically because he doesn't seem to have much love or excitement in his life at all, or it may be used to communicate that a life doesn't need to be a storybook fairy tale in order for a person to enjoy it and find fulfilment in it.

The repeated phrases about the availability of time do seem to be used ironically since time definitely seems to be running out. "And indeed there will be time / To wonder, "Do I dare?" and "Do I dare?" / Time to turn back and descend the stair, / With a bald spot in the middle of my hair-"(37-40). This appears to communicate exactly how fast time flies. Prufrock describes myself as having dreams and fantasies of adventure, but wastes too much time on the dream rather than making it a reality.

The setting bleak and uninspiring. "The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes, / The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle in the window-panes" (15-16). He also describes "half-deserted streets" (4), "one-night cheap hotels"(6), and "sawdust restaurants" (7). The image of his setting is one that is dirty, cheap and perhaps even amoral.

The women are depicted as distant, unattentive, and even as mythical creatures which suggests that Mr. Prufrock is very lonely and uninteresting (at least to the women). "In the room the women come and go / Talking of Michelangelo." (13-14). Perhaps Mr. Prufrock feel he has no talent big enough to impress a woman. He definitely thinks he not noticeable to women. "I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each. / I do not think that they will sing to me." (124-125).

Works Cited
Eliot, T.S. “The Love of J.Alfred Prufrock” Literature and the Writing Process. Elizabeth McMahan...[et al.]. Canadian Ed. Toronto:Pearson Education, 2005. 427-430. Print.

Part 2
Demeter is one of the sisters of Zeus and queen of the crops. Persephone is the daughter of Demeter and Zeus. Persephone's beauty is so capivating that Hades (king of the underworld) falls in love with her and kidnaps her. On Earth the crops begin to die as Demeter despairs over her kidnapped daughter. Zeus sends his youngest son to negotiate the release of Persephone. It is agreed that Persephone will marry Hades and will spend half the year in the underworld and half the year with her mother. The legend has it that Dementer makes the flower bloom for her daughter's arrival and destroys all the crops in despair when her daughter must return to Hades.

One universal themes in this myth is love affecting people in different ways. Hades' love is all about possession, which I wouldn't personally agree is a form of love. Dementer's love causing crops to grow or be destroyed. Persephone's love is symbolized by her sacrifice of food.
Part 1
Seamus Heaney uses digging to symbolize different types of work in his poem "Digging". After describing watching his father and grandfather dig in the Earth with spades, our narrator concludes "But I've no spade to follow men like them. / Between my finger and my thumb / The squat pen rests. / I'll dig with it." Here Heaney uses digging to describe the work of a write as well. While a writer doesn't dig into soil, he can dig while looking to unearth truth or symbolism in a piece of literature, or dig into the hearts and minds of his readers by writing a poem that is close to people's hearts.

Part 2
Sylvia Plath was an American writer born in 1932 to German parents. She, along with members of her father's side of the family, suffered from depression, and many of her most well-loved works (including "Daddy")were written in her periods of depression following the discovery that her husband, Ted Hughes, was unfaithful and their subsequent separation. She attempted suicide once in 1953 and successfully committed suicide in 1963 at the age of 30.
Some of the details in her poem, "Daddy", do not match the information I found while researching her. For instance, her father passed away when Sylvia was 8, not 10. And I could find no evidence that he was a nazi.

To me, this poem is pure, unadulterated anger. At this period in her life, her husband has left her with two small children. She seems to both blame her father for everything and desires to be with him. Perhaps she believes that if her father had lived, she would not have married an unfaithful man. It seems certain that she speaks of Ted Hughes when she says "If I've killed one man, I've killed two - / The vampire who said he was you / And drank my blood for a year / Seven years, if you want to know. / Daddy, you can lie back now." She met Ted in 1955 and separated in 1962 - 7 years.

The only reason I can think of to write in this manner is to vent out emotions. If only she could have seen the positive aspects of her situation, she may have been far better able to cope with the negative aspects. For instance, it is a blessing that she was able to find out that her husband was cheating and get out of that marriage. If you suspect your partner cheats on you, you risk being infected with any number of STDs, as well as going through the mental torture of wondering if, when, and why. If you know your partner cheats on you, you can leave and find a man who will treat you as you deserve to be treated. But Plath seems to replay the world's injustices over and over in her head like a movie. How can anyone expect to get over someone if they do that?

Works Cited
Plath, S. “Daddy” Literature and the Writing Process. Elizabeth McMahan...[et al.]. Canadian Ed. Toronto:Pearson Education, 2005. 448-450. Print.
Part 1 Tragic heroes
Sophocles makes our heroine Antigone into a character that is easy to sympathize with not because she is a noble character that has slipped to the "darkside" but because she is on the right side of the moral issue and she vehemently stands up for that issue knowing that she risks her life to do so. "I'll bury him myself/ And even if I die in the act, the death will be a glory./ I'll lie with the one I love and loved by him". (Sophocles 486). She is seem as a victim of a powerful and corrupt monarchy. The reader cheers for her as the underdog because she is right, strong and good.

In contrast, Creon can not be seen in such a favourable light. While it is true that he has been seduced by the power of the "darkside", there is no valiant reason when he realizes his mistake. When the leader urges Creon to listen to the prophet Tiresias because "disasters sent by the gods cut short our follies in a flash" (Sophocles 514), Creon responds "Oh it's hard,/ giving up the heart's desire...but I will do it-/no more fighting a losing battle with necessity." (Sophocles 513). So it is his fear of some godlike vengeance that turns the tide for him, and so the tradegy and all the deaths that occur in his family are a direct result of his actions. He needs those deaths to fully understand the depth of his mistake and may even have gone back to his old corrupt ways if his family had survived.

Works Cited

Sophocles. “Antigone.” Literature and the Writing Process. Elizabeth McMahan...[et al.]. Canadian Ed. Toronto:Pearson Education, 2005. 484-520. Print.

Part 2 Extended metaphors
A dictionary website (dictionary.reference.com) defines an extended metaphor as "a metaphor introduced and then further developed throughout all or part of a literary work, especially a poem" and uses Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken" as an example. The two roads in this poem are extended metaphors for different paths that could be taken in life.

In Findley's short story "Stones", stones are used as an extended metaphor for the difficulties in life. The father is described as pummeled and broken when he returns from the war. Where he was once considered a pillar of strength by his family, he is now seen as broken in spirit, angry and violent.
Part 1: Reflection

I always find analyzing works of literature interesting. I heard a high school student complain the other day about having to rip apart a piece of literature looking for hidden meanings and symbolism. Her comment was that it was just a story. She didn’t believe the author ever intended to have a group of literary enthusiasts “pull their work apart” looking for things that may not be there. I completely disagree. I think that this is part of the art of being an excellent writer. It implies that a writer sees the world in a particular and unique way, thus allowing the symbolism to add to the story. To think that an author didn’t use symbolism purposefully suggests that it just happened by accident. That doesn’t seem right to me at all.

I have just started analyzing literature so I’d like to continue to improve my skills. Although I love reading, I don’t always take the time to analyze everything I read. I tend to get wrapped up in the story and language used to convey imagery rather than looking for symbolism and hidden meanings. However it is all the more fun when I do take the time to find these things. It's just time consuming. I am finding it takes three or four times as long to analyze different parts of literature.


Part 2: Looking ahead

1. Hamartia – a fatal flaw
King Creon creates a fatal flaw when he values his new found power and control as king over decency. He decrees that his nephew not be buried to dishonour him for his actions. His niece, Antigone, defies the decree. As a result she is sentenced to death. Many people try to talk the king out of this decision – particularly his son, Haemon, who is also Antigone’s fiancé. On page 504, Haemon begins to disagree with his father after having placated him for several pages. Creon turns his back on his son. His stubbornness leads to the unwitting death of Haemon and Antigone.

2. Hubris – excessive pride or self-confidence
King Creon is guilty of hubris throughout most of the play. He believes that all his decisions are correct because he is king and proves unwilling to listen to advice, even from close members of his family. It is not until Creon speaks with his seer that he realizes he has erred.

3. Catharsis - 1.The process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.
Perhaps the catharsis in this play is the suicide of Eurydice, Haemon’s mother. She is emotionally distraught at the death of her son, and by committing suicide (page 518), she is released from her torment.

4. Peripeteia - A sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances, esp. in reference to fictional narrative.
The reversal of fortune in this play occurs when Creon speaks to his seer and begins to believe that he has made a mistake. His people do not support his decision despite saying they are supportive while in the king’s presence (for fear of death). The king thinks about what the seer has prophesied and we begin to see his change in circumstance on page 513, line 1218.

5. Anagnorisis - is a moment in a play or other work when a character makes a critical discovery.
The critical discovery is when Creon realizes that the prediction made by the seer has come true. On page 518, line 1393, Creon sees his deceased son and knows that he can only blame himself for the death of both Haemon and Antigone who committed suicide.
Part 1
The internment of Japanese Canadians during World War 2, which is used as the historical context of Joy Kogawa's "Obasan", is one of the most important ways in which we, the readers, begin to understand the family dynamics in this story. Memories of the internment were "drowned in a whirlpool of protective silence" (Kogawa 4) causing grief that "grew rich off the unburied corpses inside her body"(Kogawa 4).The internment was responsible for a large part of the silent grief that the family grew up with and fled from as soon as they were old enough. "Her daughters, unable to rescue her or bear the silent rebuke of her suffering have long since fled to the ends of the Earth" (Kogawa 5). Had history been different, Obasan and Uncle would have stayed on Vancouver Island near the ocean that they loved. Their spirits may have remained intact and the children may have grown up with the happy uncle in the photograph that the narrator finds. The uncle that was so proud of his eloquently carved boat - his work of art.

While researching the Japanese internment, I came across an interesting piece of information. According to Wikipedia, the the author herself, Joy Kogawa and David Suzuki were both raised in BC internment camps as children (wikipedia.org). This adds a haunting and eerie reality to a story that now seems much more real than fictitious.

Works Cited

Kogawa, Joy. “Obasan.” Literature and the Writing Process. Elizabeth McMahan...[et al.]. Canadian Ed. Toronto:Pearson Education, 2005. 3-8. Print.

Wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Canadian_Internment. n.d. Retrieved February 5, 2012

Part 2
Having been a avid reader for many years, I think that the best way to write better is to read a variety of work. This has helped me to see how professional authors follow a line of analysis to a logical conclusion and how to invoke emotion or stay completely objective, depending on what the desired effect is.
I also write and rewrite a great deal, choosing better words that more accurately reflect the point I wish to make as I go along and fitting paragraphs and images together so the final paper makes the most sense.
As for developing a new writing strategy, I would like to improve on using symbolism and imagery in my personal writing. Because I write almost exclusively for business reasons my writing tends to be factual and results based. It is much more fun to use symbolism to help readers reach the point I am trying to make and it makes the reading experience so much more enjoyable. Unfortunately for me in my current occupation, it would not be appropriate for business proposals and executive summaries that are used solely to convey facts or results of programs.
For the second part of this week's blog, I looked up the definition of metafiction, which Wikipedia defines as "a type of fiction that self-consciously addresses the devices of fiction". It wasn't until I saw some examples of metafictionary works that I became to understand what it meant.

Some examples that were given included The Princess Bride, The Neverending Story, Misery, Secret Window, A Clockwork Orange and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. The first two are considered metafictional because they are stories about readers reading books, the second two are stories about writers creating a story and the last two are stories that contain another work of fiction in itself.

Why would an author write a metafictional story? Considering that the examples above include some of my favourite books or movies, I would say that a metafictional story is appealing to its readers. It adds a second dimension to the story which adds depth and interest. I have enjoyed these metafictional stories so much (both as a child and as an adult) that I am planning to read the many examples of metfictional works listed on Wikepedia that I have not yet read such as Inkheart, The Dark Tower, Steppenwolf, and The Last Unicorn. Perhaps I have even found a name for my favourite style of book.
Allistair MacLeod makes use of several different works of literature in "The Boat" which seek to expand and deepen the reader's understanding of characters and situations. Ben, when describing his mother, says "In later years she reminded me of the women of Thomas Hardy, particularly Eustacia Vye, in a physical way". This gives the reader an image of her powerful physical presence as well as her regal beauty which propels her strength of character and stubbornness.

The reference to other literary works by our narrator also explains the very root of connections within this story - the connection between the father and his dreams that he wants to pass on; the connection between the father and his children; and the root of the disconnection between the father and his wife. "And I remembered that, one evening when we were talking about David Copperfield, he had said that he had always wanted to go to university..". Books were the foundation of the relationships in this story, whether positive or negative. What better way to illustrate that than to have a narrator has truly been influenced by various works of literature.
How descriptions of work and sleeping areas contribute to Alice Munro's Boys and Girls

The descriptions of the two work areas, both the mother's and the father's, are set up by our young narrator to be nothing short of the literary binary of good versus evil. As a young girl and eldest child with a marvelous imagination and adventurous spirit, our narrator is captivated by her father's work. This is the important and exciting stuff that happens where she lives while her mother's work is not only indoors (yuch!) but is described as "endless, dreary and particularly depressing." (page 152, text). She bolts for the door every time her mother turns her back because she is eager to get back to her outside chores - the important ones in her mind. Our unnamed narrator even starts to see her mother as the enemy when she overhears her mother plotting to keep her in the house to help with the indoor chores when her brother Laird becomes big enough to help outside. The adorable assumption that her father would never agree to such a plan because she was far too valuable a worker shows the unintentional ignorance of very small children who lack a full perspective of life (for example that muscular strength would be an important asset for the pelting industry). I find it sad, though, that these plans being plotted do not take into account the personal interests of either child, but are simple the assigned gender roles of the time period.

The descriptions of the safety of the outdoors versus the fear of the indoor sleeping spaces adds a wonderful texture to this short story and also illustrates another binary. Upstairs where the children sleep is the storage place of useless relicts, which could be seen as including the children as well. They are not old enough or strong enough to be of any real assistance with the farm chores yet, and so they are relegated to "storage" until they become more useful. There is a great fear of this indoor space, with imaginary bats, skeletons and escaped convicts using it as a hide-a-way. Our narrator contrasts this fear with the safety of the outdoors (despite the weather). Somehow being outdoors means freedom in this young girl's mind and indoors means captivity.

The Boat introduces other literary works in order to compare characters or situations. Eustacia Vye from Thomas Hardy's The Return of the Native is compared (in a physical way) to the mother in The Boat - both dark haired, regal looking women. Although I have personally not read this story, it's seems that Eustacia Vye is seeking someone to improve her station in life rather than marrying for love and happiness. She hates her home in the heath, but ultimately marries a local man who wants to teach. She must love him in her own but becomes increasingly frustrated that he is pursuing this dream rather than taking her overseas to live in the lap of luxury.

Moby Dick by Herman Melville is a book I have read. Narrated by Ishmail, a new member of a whaling vessel, it follows the story of revenge between Captain Ahab and Moby Dick (a great white whale). To Captain Ahab, this whale is not just an animal of the sea, but the living, breathing embodiment of evil. The captain, on a previous encounter with Moby Dick lost his leg and plans to kill the whale for this act of war.
Ahab's revenge plans are complicated by Gabriel, a prophet who claims that doom will accompany all those who attack Moby Dick. Ahab is undeterred, but his men become scared, especially when they learn all the stories of those that have tried to kill or catch Moby Dick in the past. Captain Ahab's death is foreshadowed, which comes true as he becomes entangled in his harpoon and is hurled out the boat, ultimately dying.

David Copperfield by Charles Dickens is another story that I have yet to read. Ham Peggotty is described as simple-minded yet he is someone who has a big heart. He respects David Copperfield and earns his respect back even though David is heard to describe Ham in very condescending ways due to what is perceived as lower intelligence. Ham Peggotty is also self-sacrificing. His
fiancee Emily runs off but Ham's reaction is one of love and concern. He doesn't want Emily to worry about him so he sends untruthful messages to her through David saying that he is fine and that she should forgive him.

(Thanks to Wikipedia for the information on Eustacia Levy and Ham Peggotty, and for refreshing my memory on Moby Dick).

Blog #1

Jan. 16th, 2012 04:19 pm
Is "This Be the Verse" by Philip Larkin an example of great literature?

I must admit that my first reaction to reading this poem was a raised eyebrow and an "oooookaaaay". Despite being funny and poetic, it seemed like an idea that would be conveyed by a 13 year old that didn't get her way. Surely most parents try to provide the best upbringing they can for their children and surely most adults realize this about their parents once they have had children themselves.

Obviously I took the poem too seriously. I took it to heart as well. Expecting my first child, I am now faced with an alarming number of questions and worries about what is best for my baby and how I can make sure that I can be the best mother possible. All the experts disagree with each other so we are left to our own devices. What positive things did I take away from my own childhood? And my husband, what does he want to incorporate from his childhood? More importantly, what do we want to change and how do we make sure we are strong enough to change old habits and patterns that, to us, are as natural as breathing.

The close reading analysis helped me get away from my "mother" perspective so that the poem could be looked at as a piece of art. After all, this poem is by Philip Larkin, who, according to the Philip Larkin Society website (http://www.philiplarkin.com/biog.html), has won many awards for his work and is largely regarded as one of the foremost figures in 20th century poetry! Who am I to raise my eyebrows at his work?


The fact that Philip Larking was a librarian changes the mood and meaning of this poem for me. I can imagine him giggling over this work while studious onlookers glare in annoyance at being interrupted. I understand what the close reading states about wanting to shock us with the unorthodox poetic language (swearing). I agree that comparing the formality of the title against the first verse adds to this shock factor. Admittedly, I have not placed a great weight or analytical value on the title of a poem or book but feel I would have overlooked a very intention play on words had that dicotomy not been pointed out in the case.

I disagree that this is a universal theme. Although certainly a popular idea in our Western culture, I find it comical to imagine the tribal people of Papua New Guinea sitting around and discussing how their parents messed them up. Wouldn't they be too busy surviving? It's just some food for thought.

Ultimately, do I think this poem is an example of great literature? I suppose I must say yes. He is obviously a talented poet and has chosen to write in an unorthodox way to make his point, or get a laugh, or make you think.

The short story, "Evaline" darkens Larkin's poem. I viewed it as the end product of having been messed up by parents. There seems to be a danger in not realizing that your parents have lived through and survived similar experiences in their own childhood - that parents are just trying to do the best they can do with what they have. It also speaks to how strong childhood and family bonds can be.

Evaline wants to leave. She's made plans. She's ready to go, but she is stuck. For me, she is stuck by familiarity, family obligation and fear of the unknown. At least she knows this life. Perhaps her father is more similar to her than she has ever thought. When she chooses to stay, that may be the moment that she turns a little more into her father, who may also have had dreams of another life in his youth, but he stayed as well.

When I read Larking's poem through Evaline's eyes, there is despair of a life ruined. Gone are the comic airs that I imagine that Larkin intended, and strong become the words and the loss that is attached to them.

I was honestly amazed at how the meaning of a poem I would have found hilarious 4 months has taken on a soul exploring internal analysis of my ability to parent. I blame the pregnancy hormones. Honest!
Page generated Sep. 3rd, 2026 07:06 am
Powered by Dreamwidth Studios